What is Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD)?
TMD is a condition seen in children with Down Syndrome where shortly after birth there are an increased number of immature white blood cells (blasts) seen in the blood. This condition is also sometimes known as “transient leukemia”, since it often goes away without treatment.
What are the symptoms of TMD?
The diagnosis is often made on a routine blood test (CBC). However leukemic blasts can infiltrate other organs and cause symptoms as listed:
- Abdominal swelling due to fluid
- Swelling of the liver
- Rapid heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Yellow skin colour (jaundice)
What causes TMD?
TMD is seen exclusively in newborns with Down Syndrome and affects 3-10% of children. There is an association with mutation in the GATA1 gene which is responsible for normal development of blood cells.